6.05 Rate and Collision Theory Essay

Does surface region influence dissolving of Alka-Seltzer tablets? Materials: 1. solo cups 2. Alka-Seltzer tablets 3. Clock 4. Estimating Cup 5. Thermometer Methods: 1. I put out two of my performance cups on the counter 2. At that point I put 1 cup of room temperature water into each cup. 3. At that point put one Alka-Seltzer Tablet in one cup and time it until it disintegrates totally. 4. In the second cup I put in a squashed up Alka-Seltzer tablet and planned it until it broke down. 5. Rehash stages 1 through 4 once again. Squashed Alka-Seltzer 21.86 seconds 23.52 seconds Entire Alka-Seltzer 29.15 seconds 35.33 seconds Conversation and Conclusion: Answer the accompanying inquiries in complete sentences. 1. What two components did you explore in your system, and for what reason did you decide to analyze these two variables? The two components I explored were surface region and Alka-Seltzer. I chose to pick those if the surface territory made the Alka-seltzer breaks down quicker. 2. What different components did you have to control during your examination? Clarify how you controlled every one in your strategy. Variables that I expected to control in my analysis was the temperature of water, what number of Alka-Seltzer tablets to place in, and how much water to use in the cups. I had a thermometer to ensure that when I done my two preliminaries that the two of them had a similar temperature of water, I just put one tablet for every cup, and I made sure to have a similar measure of water in each cup I utilized. 3. What was your forecast about the aftereffects of each figure tried your two lab strategies? Clarify your expectations dependent on your insight into the dissolving procedure, crash hypothesis, and response rates. My forecasts of the outcomes on this lab were correct. I figured that if the Alka-Seltzer were squashed up it would make it increasingly simpler to break down since they were in little pieces rather than one major tablet. 4. In your own words, clarify the crash hypothesis, and what is essential for an impact to be effective? Impact hypothesis is a hypothesis that when atoms crash with a specific goal in mind with the specific measure of vitality they begin to shape new substances. 5. A particular impetus was not accommodated this response, yet impetuses are valuable for expanding the pace of many moderate responses. In your own words, give a nitty gritty clarification of how impetuses can build the pace of a response or procedure? Impetuses can expand the pace of a response or procedure since they help speed things up by decreasing the measure of vitality required for the response to occur.

Analysis Of The Oligopoly Form Of Market Economics Essay

Investigation Of The Oligopoly Form Of Market Economics Essay An oligopoly is a type of a market, wherein a specific industry is commanded by scarcely any venders which are otherwise called oligopolists. Initially this word is gotten from Greek, which implies not many to sell. Presently since there is modest number of littler engaged with a specific industry, this makes them especially aware of different players of a similar industry. Or maybe, to be increasingly exact any choice of Firm one impact and are affected by, the choice of different firms. Parcel of business investigation procedures are utilized in key arranging, for example, SWOT, PEST, STEER and EPISTEL examination needs to take into report the presumable reactions of different players. Depiction Oligopoly is a typical type of market. Regularly the four-firm is utilized to portray bad habit nary of oligopoly, in which the most widely recognized proportions are CR4 and the CR8, which implies the four and the eight biggest firms in a specific industry and furthermore quantifies the portion of the four or the eight biggest associations in an industry as a rate. Presently let me utilize a guide to make the above point understood. Here we will take the US mobile phone showcase. In 2008, the organizations like ATT, Sprint, Verizon and T-Mobile together controlled over 90% of the market. In spite of the basic piece of the overall industry and oligopolistic rivalry can offer ascent to a wide scope of results. In a conditions where a firm may build up a training which could be an exchange preventive, for example, intrigue, showcase sharing and so on to raise there item cost while limit the creation which is like the restraining infrastructure, this could be present moment just as long haul. Allow us to see and see restraining infrastructure in balance. The representation of imposing business model is viewed as the equivalent in short run and since quite a while ago run. Presently the income augmentation happens where MR=MC. What's more, subsequently harmony is at P and Q. Highlights of this graph are that there are hindrances to passage in Monopoly. Organizations are value producer. Benefits are boosted at yield where MR=MC. This implies they set a cost more noteworthy than MC which is wasteful. In this chart the organizations makes supernormal benefits since AR is more prominent than AC. So as to get this essentially, an official understanding happens which is otherwise called cartel. The best case of cartel is OPEC which impacts overall cost of oil. These sorts of member are Price Setter and not the Price Taker. Through the procedure of plot, oligologics can lessen the dangers in business sectors for venture and item improvement and is an endeavor to consistent the unequal market. In many nations this is legitimately limited. In different circumstances, rivalry can be fiercer between venders in an oligopoly, with generally low costs and high creation. This could prompt capable outcomes. The outcomes can be better when there are more organizations in an industry. Attributes The significant attributes of oligopoly are to boost the benefit by creating, where in the produced negligible income equivalents to the peripheral expenses. Position to set the value, which we have recently examined over that oligopolies are value setters as opposed to value takers. Hindrances for new firms to enter are higher. We can part these hindrances in two gatherings, one of which is characteristic and the other is vital passage boundaries. These obstructions depend on conservative scale, licenses, path in to costly and troublesome innovation or more all the strategic activities by present firms intended to put off or tear down rising firms. Since, there are scarcely any organizations which results the activities of one firm can weight the activities of different firms. Prevail factor is high obstructions of the section which keeps rising organizations from entering market, which in result can hold since a long time ago run atypical benefits. The most run of the mill highligh t of an oligopoly is association. Since oligopolies comprises of barely any huge firms and, each firm is enormous to such an extent that any of its activity can influence the economic situation. Also, because of this explanation, the contending firms are well aware of the market activities and are set prepared to react as needs be and effectively. So as to see a market move, a firm should take into the consideration the potential responses of all adversary firms and there moves. A round of chess is a best guide to disentangle the above explanations. Wherein both the adversaries are very well aware of every others activity and are prepared for the counter moves, this is duopoly. Be that as it may, this could clarify the oligopoly since the players in the market are not many in numbers. Displaying There is no model to clarify the procedure of an oligopolistic showcase. In certain business sectors there is a singular firm which wheels a main portion of the market and a gathering of littler firms. The predominant firm sets costs which are basically taken by the littler firms in forming their benefit amplifying level of creation. This kind of market is known as an imposing business model. Cournot-Nash model The Cournot-Nash model is the least difficult oligopoly model. In this model there are two in like manner situated firms, the organizations contends based on the limit as opposed to cost and each firm settles on and creation choice expecting that different firms activities is fixed. Presently the twist of the interest in the market depends on suppositions to be straight and peripheral expense are steady. To discover the Cournot-Nash condition, one needs to decide how each firm responds to an adjustment in the yield of the other firm which is trailed by succession of procedures and responses. This framework proceeds until a point is arrived at where neither one of the firms wants to change what it is doing, given how it accepts the other firm will respond to any change. The equalization is the convergence of the two firms response capacities. The response reason shows how one firm responds to the mass decision of the other firm. For a model, expecting that the Firm An interest work P = (60 Q2) Q1 where Q2 is the amount created by the other firm and Q1 is the entirety delivered by firm A. Accept that the negligible expense is 12 Firm A needs to know its amplifying amount and cost. Firm A starts the procedure by observing augmentation rule of likening minor income to negligible expenses. Firm As absolute income object is PQ = Q1(60 Q2 Q1) = 60Q1-Q1Q2 Q12. The negligible reason for existing is MR = 60 Q2 2Q. MR = MC 60 Q2 2Q = 12 2Q = 48 Q2 Q1 = 24 0.5Q2 (1.1) Q2 = 24 0.5Q1 (1.2) Condition 1.1 is the response work for firm A. Condition 1.2 is the response work for firm B. The parity amounts can likewise be resolved graphically, in which the parity clarification would be at the convergence of the two response capacities. In automated financial aspects, obstructions to passage have brought about oligopolies framing in numerous areas, with new degrees of battle filled by rising globalization. These are ordinarily dictated by advancement of an item and promoting. For instance, there is just modest figure of makers of common traveler airplane. Oligopolies have likewise emerged in a great deal controlled markets, for example, remote interchanges, in a few territories just a few suppliers are authorized to work. In United Kingdom, there are five banks that control the UK banking division, and were additionally blamed for being an oligopoly by the newcomer Virgin bank. Setting off to the basic food item advertise, we discover four organizations who shares 74.4% to 75.01% of the staple market which are Tesco, Sainsburys, Asda and Morrisons. The cleanser advertise is commanded by just two players and they are Unilever and Procter Gamble. Request Curve In oligopoly, any organization works under imperfect rivalry. With the horrendous value intensity made by request twist, firms use non-value rivalry so as to support income and piece of the overall industry. Crimped demand bends are like regular demand bends. They are diverse by an estimated bowed twist with an irregularity at the twist Kink. Subsequently, the main imitative by then isn't clear and prompts a bounce brokenness in the minor income bend. The motivation following this wrinkle is the idea that if firms won't hoist their costs on the grounds that even a little value raise will drop numerous client in oligopolistic or monopolistically serious market. The purpose for this is, the contenders will by and large give no consideration to the expansion in costs and will concentrate on increasing a bigger piece of the overall industry. Be that as it may, even a huge value decrease will increase just a couple of clients on the grounds that such an activity will start a cost war with different players in the market. Furthermore, thus, the bend is consequently more value flexible for value add to and less so for value diminishes. Firms will regularly enter the business over the long haul.

Tympass free essay sample

1. Official Summary Our group, Group B of the 50th IATSS Forum comprise of seven individuals from various nations: Nuny (Laos), Fei (Malaysia), Bo (Thailand), Thanda (Myanmar), Muni (Cambodia), Bob (Japan) and Rambo (Indonesia). Our gathering name is Hungry, Hurry and Happy group. Our gathering topic study is maintainable network structure and our topic is â€Å"A Clean Community Starting from US†, with the task name â€Å"Raising Awareness on Cleanliness through Children and Art†. Our group mascot is â€Å"Mr. Bin† a symbol to exhibit the significance of keeping open spaces clean. Having experienced a meeting to generate new ideas and diagram of every one of our individuals separate networks and with the need rating grid dependent on three thought elements of effect on network, direness to illuminate and relevance to different networks, we choose to center our task in Vientiane, Laos, explicitly in Ban Sengsavang Village. The task area is a local territory with populace of roughly 4,000 individuals. We have likewise surveyed the present circumstance through meetings with Nuny, member from Laos who lives in Ban Sengsavang town; he clarified the present circumstance just as issue in regards to waste and trash issue in his old neighborhood. Absence of aggregate mindfulness from the general population to keep up their territory is the fundamental issue here. By looking to the notice issue, we have chosen our Principle which is to make solid condition for cheerful and accommodating network. We have likewise settled upon three targets expressed in this report and consented to express the issue as trash in broad daylight spaces. To improve the present circumstance and annihilate the issue of trash in Ban Sengsavang town, we have explained Problem, Causes and Effects. Through a concentrated and careful conversation, we have thought of four explicit reasons for the present issue, which are additionally expressed in this report. These causes are likewise setting off a few future issues, for example, sickness and awkward condition for the individuals. Having examined and chosen explicit reasons for trash issue, we conceptualized thoughts on the best way to annihilate and limit this issue through a grass root approach. We have chosen to go with encouraging the nearby network pioneers and to make a venture of fine art rivalry utilizing trash to make crusade message to raise the tidiness mindfulness inside the network. For this venture, we will target educators and understudies in Ban Sengsavang Primary School including a few partners, for example, IATSS Laos Alumni, school head and instructors, neighborhood town boss and pioneers, with the course of events of two years for the task. We have defined a 10-advance way to deal with encourage the production of this neighborhood network to start the workmanship rivalry and we have likewise chosen the spending plan to run this pilot venture. At the last piece of this report, we incorporated the exercise scholarly and challenges during the general conversation among colleagues. â€Å"Raising Awareness on Cleanliness through Children Art† Page | 1 2. Presentation and Background 2. 1 Introduction The Hungry Hurry Happy (HHH) bunch study individuals from the 50th IATSS Forum are framed with members from Indonesia, Thailand, Myanmar, Malaysia, Cambodia and Japan. Our gathering topic study will concentrate on practical network plan and the picked venture area will be Ban Sengsavang, Vientiane, Laos. In this venture, our gathering will investigate tending to the issue of trash out in the open spaces through the presentation of a grass root approach on how the network can step up to the plate and possession to accomplish the greater objective to help their locale to live in a spotless, solid, upbeat and accommodating spot. This report will show the procedure of issue evaluation and explaining key components, standard and targets, thoughts arrangement, and an arranged way to deal with move the network to start and continue the network configuration venture. 2. 2 Background Garbage is an ordinarily realized issue in creating nations and verifiably it has demonstrated that trash in huge scope will surely influence numerous parts of a network and in this way the advancement in nation improvement. The task area will be in Ban Sengsavang town, Vientiane, Laos, the territory is a size of 213 hectares with a populace of 4,126 partitioned between 2,407 female and 1,719 male aggregate up to 792 family unit in the town. This is viewed as a littler scope town contrasted with other encompassing locale. The town is furnished with open offices remembering a business opportunity for the focal point of the town with a principle street prompting the downtown area, encompassed by private neighborhood and nearby business zone. From the market, a pagoda is situated toward the north east and to the further north an elementary school; on the southwest is the place the police headquarters and police home found; these offices are the vine of the town exercises and employment of the individuals. The people group contain basically of understudies at 32. 42. %, work workforce at 27. 11%, government officials at 8. 52%, vendors 7. 37%, workers 6. 98% and at 17. 6% including housewives, retirees and others. According to the trash issue, in Ban Sengsavang town, the fundamental attributes of the trash originates from private, shops, advertise, office, center, school and a wide range of spaces however the most prompt issue is the normal open space where the network isn't on the whole mindful on how the developing trash heap up from their activities would influence their day by day life over the long haul without appropriate administration. â€Å"Raising Awareness on Cleanliness through Children Art† Page | 2. 3 General Overview In this area, we will show how a network can meet up and deliberately execute steps to accomplish a practical network structure. Right off the bat, it is significant for the network to evaluate and comprehend the requirements of their own locale; distinguish and engage key pioneers and organizers who will have the option to direct the arrangement to actualize a maintainable venture that will move the network towards the master plan of a perfect network that they have imagined. The perfect network idea can be developed dependent on appraisals and data accumulated from the network which they have imagined. From here on, the network would have the option to take a gander at the present circumstance and issues from the future perspective and plan for tasks to manage the present circumstance which prompts the master plan rather than a foolish arrangement. The following stage is the place they can include and enable different partners and network to partake lastly execute the task. In light of the present circumstance in Ban Sengsavang town, we have met and talked about in detail with our gathering part from Laos, Nuny (Mr. Vongsomphou Souttha) to survey and comprehend the issues and needs inside his locale. Sequentially with the data, our gathering can concentrate on the particular subject of trash out in the open spaces †which is a developing issue inside the town. This additionally empowers us to help imagine a thought of a spotless network where, as resident, Nuny might want to live in. Our gathering at that point evaluated the present issue of trash out in the open spaces concentrating on both the negative (bothersome circumstance) and positive (alluring circumstance) factors as summed up beneath. Unwanted Situation Waste disposal around the open spaces is a constant issue to be worried There are no open garbage gave by the metropolitan in broad daylight puts The low recurrence of rubbish assortment inside the town is just once every week Ignorance of entrepreneurs to keep up the offices neatness quickens the open spaces being utilized as dump site Potential spread of illness because of rodents and different rodents which might be potential transporter of sickness There is essentially low mindfulness on network tidiness and network open space possession Desirable Situation Each Saturday, there is where the network should tidy up the open spaces anyway note this is a top-down methodology from the administration to the resident The people group has mindfulness in regards to neatness however just constrained to singular home and private spaces Cleanliness is one of the arrangement for the advancement of the town and urban communities which implies there is likewise a commitment for the network to follow The size of the town region and number of family unit in the network is sensible for the group to start the task â€Å"Raising Awareness on Cleanliness through Children Art† Page | 3 The explanation behind this appraisal is to recognize the primer circumstances and end results which are unwanted for the network because of the issue of trash in broad daylight spaces. Simultaneously, it is likewise imperative to take a gander at the positive and alluring component of the present circumstance as this will expand how network configuration undertaking can be executed dependent on the quality and nearby assets of the network. 3. Activity Plan 3. 1 Principle The introduction of the task thought for Ban Sengsavang town is based out of a perfect clean network idea concentrating on tidiness and cleanliness. The method of reasoning behind the rule is to be the pattern so as to propel individuals to take activities for them to accomplish the objective. In view of the ebb and flow circumstance, we might want to limit the hole between alluring future and unfortunate future in the network: â€Å"To make a Healthy situation for a Happy and Helpful Community† Healthy Environment: A sound domain is a clean and cleanliness neighborhood where individuals live in and it is significant the network for their investment in monetary and social exercises without bargaining the effect of ailment along these lines accomplishing a great expectation for everyday comforts. Cheerful and Helpful Community: An upbeat and supportive network is involved individual w

Winnipeg General Strike of 1919

Winnipeg General Strike of 1919 For about a month and a half in the late spring of 1919 the city of Winnipeg, Manitoba was injured by a monstrous and emotional general strike. Disappointed by joblessness, expansion, poor working conditions and local incongruities after World War I, laborers from both the private and open divisions united to close down or definitely diminish most administrations. The laborers were deliberate and quiet, however the response from the businesses, city chamber and the central government was forceful. The strike finished in Bloody Saturday when the Royal North-West Mounted Police assaulted a get-together of strike supporters. Two strikers were executed, 30 injured and many captured. Laborers won little in the strike, and it was an additional 20 years before aggregate dealing was perceived in Canada. Reasons for Winnipeg General Strike The prompt purposes behind the structure exchanges and metal laborers taking to the streets were for better wages and working conditions, for acknowledgment of their associations and for the standard of aggregate bargaining.The expansive breadth of the strike, which included numerous non-unionized specialists, was incompletely because of dissatisfactions from World War I. Long stretches of penances during the war and elevated standards for its consequence were met with high joblessness, a mechanical downturn, and inflation.The tight work showcase had prompted an expansion in unions.The achievement of the Russian Revolution in 1917 had driven not exclusively to an increment in communist and work thoughts yet in addition a dread of upheaval with respect to those in power. Start of Winnipeg General Strike On May 1, 1919, following quite a while of work dealings building laborers in Winnipeg, Manitoba went on strike.On May 2, metalworkers took to the streets when the businesses of the principle metalwork processing plants in Winnipeg wouldn't haggle with their union.The Winnipeg Trades and Labor Council (WTLC), the umbrella association for nearby work, called a general strike in compassion on May 15. Around 30,000 specialists, both unionized and non-unionized, left their jobs.The Winnipeg general strike was composed by the Central Strike Committee with delegates from the associations partnered with the WTLC. The strike was efficient, with laborers abstaining from giving any reason to incite military power. Fundamental administrations were maintained.The Citizens Committee of 1000, made up of makers, financiers, and lawmakers, gave sorted out resistance to the strike. The Strike Heats Up The Citizens Committee disregarded the strikers requests and with the help of nearby papers blamed the strikers for Bolshevism, of being foe outsiders and of sabotaging British values.On May 22, the government Minister of Labor, Senator Gideon Robertson, and the bureaucratic clergyman of the inside and acting pastor of equity Arthur Meighen met with the Citizens Committee. They would not meet with the Central Strike Committee.Within the week, government representatives, commonplace government workers, and civil laborers were requested to come back to work. A correction to the Immigration Act was raced through Parliament to permit the extradition of British-conceived strike pioneers and the meaning of dissidence in the Criminal Code was expanded.On May 30, the Winnipeg police would not sign a no-strike vow. They were terminated and a 1800-man power of Specials was recruited to tame the strike. They were provided with ponies and baseball bats.On June 17, the strike heads were captured in late-night assaults. The city board prohibited the normal show walks, both master and hostile to strike, by veterans. Wicked Saturday On June 21, which came to be known as Bloody Saturday, strikers pushed over and put a match to a trolley. The Royal North-West Mounted Police assaulted the horde of strike supporters assembled outside City Hall, murdering two and harming 30. The Specials followed the group as it scattered through the boulevards, beating dissidents with play clubs and wagon spokes. The military additionally watched the boulevards with machine guns.Authorities shut down the strikers paper, the Western Labor News, and captured its editors.On June 26, scared of more brutality, the strike heads canceled the strike. Aftereffects of Winnipeg General Strike The metalworkers returned to work without a compensation increase.Some laborers were imprisoned, some were ousted, and thousands lost their jobs.Seven strike pioneers were indicted for a trick to topple the administration and imprisoned for up to two years.In the 1920 Manitoba common political decision, 11 work competitors won seats. Four of them were strike leaders.It was an additional 20 years before aggregate dealing was perceived in Canada.Winnipegs economy went into a decline.Winnipeg stayed isolated between the Tory south end and the common laborers north.

Asses sociological explanations for ethnic differences in educational achievement Essay Example for Free

Asses sociological clarifications for ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment Essay Ethnicity alludes to shared social practices, viewpoints, and qualifications that set apart one gathering of individuals from another. That is, ethnicity is a common social legacy. The most widely recognized attributes recognizing different ethnic gatherings are family line, a feeling of history, language and religion. Present day Britain is supposed to be a multicultural society comprised of various ethnic gatherings. Accomplishment inside training is exceptionally changed across societies, with whatever as Chinese and Indian understudies performing over the normal, and African-Caribbean and Pakistani understudies performing great beneath normal. There are numerous elements which can lessen a youngster from an ethnic foundations achievement. For example, Material hardship. Material hardship centers around salary imbalance and the material issues that are related with it. A case of such an investigation is J. W. B Douglas, The Home and The School (1964). He contended that an interlocking system of disparities existed which worked against many common laborers understudies. This included, differential impacts of territorial and varieties in instructive arrangement and consumption. Additionally, lodging and ecological components. Which prompted odds of access to great elementary schools. Hence, preventing the opportunity of access to top streams. Subsequently, minority ethnic youngsters are bound to live in low-salary families. This implies they face the issues that Douglas featured, the material components, for example, low quality lodging, no working space and even perhaps awful impact of companions. One other explanation behind contrasts in instructive accomplishment between ethnicities is the essential family life. African-Caribbean people group have a significant level of solitary parenthood. In reality, it is assessed half of African-Caribbean family units have a solitary parent . This can imply that many face budgetary issues, this can prompt lower accomplishment in school (Douglas’ material components). On the other hand, single parents can be a positive good example or impact for some, little youngsters, which means they perform better in training. Another clarification for ethnic contrasts is Language. For some offspring of an ethnic minority English isn't their essential language. This can be an impediment since they may not comprehend tests just as others. Likewise they may battle to communicate with constrained English. At long last, a few instructors may confuse poor English with an absence of knowledge, when really this could be totally false, implying that a sharp kid might be let somewhere around the educator who probably won't push the understudy to their maximum capacity. Be that as it may, you could contend that Chinese and Indian understudies first language isn’t English, then again in these two societies it is the standard to learn English as a solid second language. In this way, they are not ruined continuously language boundary, rather than Bangladeshi’s for instance. Language was such a major issue, that Bernstein (1973) ordered understudies into two gatherings. Expounded and limited. On account of an expounded code, the speaker will choose from a moderately broad scope of options. Anyway on account of a confined code the quantity of these choices is frequently seriously constrained. Bernstein’s work was not generally applauded. For example, Labov (1974) contended that youthful blacks in the United States, despite the fact that utilizing language which absolutely appears to be a case of the limited code, all things considered presentation an unmistakable capacity to contend intelligently. Their absence of information concerning the subject may arrive at farther than simply the tests they need to take. For example, because of the huge measure of bombing dark Caribbean’s and Bangladeshi’s (a consolidated aggregate of 41% figured out how to get 5 A* C grades), educators might be subliminally preferential against ethnic minorities. This can bring down the understudies achievements from multiple points of view, one is that the instructors give the understudy lower grades. Another way is that the educator contrarily marks an understudy of ethnic minority which can prompt unavoidable outcome. Prejudice can likewise prompt clash among understudies and instructors, making learning an a lot harder errand. In conclusion, prejudice can prompt low-confidence among ethnic minorities. A scientist who considers this was Howard Becker (1971). Becker Interviewed 60 Chicago secondary teachers. He found that they made a decision about understudies as per how intently they fitted picture of â€Å"ideal pupil†. Their lead appearance affected judgment. White collar class was nearest to perfect, common laborers farthest away marked as seriously carried on. Subsequently you can see, if instructors marked understudies on what they look like, you can envision how they would name an entire ethnic race. Another factor for ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment is the ethnocentric educational program. There are a few reasons why ethnic minorities may battle because of this educational program. One is that the subjects regularly center around British culture; normally White British understudies will have grown up with this culture, so they may have a more noteworthy comprehension of the substance than understudies who experienced childhood in an alternate culture. Another explanation is that the substance of the educational plan could bring down ethnic minorities confidence, this is on the grounds that frequently the white character is viewed as â€Å"good† and unrivaled while the ethnic minorities are viewed as â€Å"not as academic†. In any case, it is pivotal not to overlook that each ethnic minority underachieves at this level. Indeed, in the UK, Chinese and Indian students score preferable evaluations over the â€Å"White† ethnic race. One of the principle explanations behind this is the help of the guardians. Research has indicated that a few guardians of ethnic minority, for example, Chinese and Indian, check out their child’s training, they additionally support their youngster more than other in different societies. This clearly prompts higher accomplishment for the youngster. Not just the guardians have an impact. A few instructors may generalization some ethnic minorities to be savvy and persevering. This consolation and kind of help can help an understudy in raising their evaluations. To close, there are numerous sociological clarifications for the ethnic contrasts in instructive accomplishment, from language hindrances to family life at home. Be that as it may, it is essential to recollect not every ethnic minority to underachieve. Rafi Kentafi Lindill 12P.

How Teenage Depression Differs From Adult Depression

How Teenage Depression Differs From Adult Depression Depression Childhood Depression Print How Teenage Depression Differs From Adult Depression By Amy Morin, LCSW facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our editorial policy Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on September 02, 2019 Jamie Grill / Getty Images More in Depression Childhood Depression Causes Symptoms Diagnosis Treatment Types Suicide Unfortunately, depression often goes undetected in teenagers. Parents sometimes don’t recognize the symptoms because depression in teenagers looks quite different than depression in adults. As a result, many teens unnecessarily suffer in silence. There are four types of depression that commonly affect teenagers. Depression can affect all teens regardless of their gender, popularity, academic success, or athletic abilities. It’s important to familiarize yourself with the common symptoms of depression in teens so you can provide support and seek help when necessary. Signs of Teenage Depression While depressed adults often talk about emotional pain, depressed teens tend to report physical aches and pains. They may report headaches, stomach problems, or say they just don’t feel well. In the case of depression, physical exams won’t reveal any findings. Irritability Adults usually describe feeling sad when they’re depressed, but teenagers often become increasingly irritable. They may behave disrespectfully or may have less patience than usual. They also may become defiant. While mood swings can be normal during the teenage years, an unusually high amount of irritability should be considered a warning sign of possible depression. Academic Changes Teens may experience a sharp decline in their grades when depression strikes. But, that’s not always the case. Some teens maintain a high grade point average (GPA) even in the midst of emotional turmoil. In fact, sometimes the pressure to maintain good grades becomes a factor in depression. A teen who feels the need to get accepted into an Ivy League college, or one who insists a disappointing SAT score could ruin their life, may remain driven to achieve despite being depressed. Sensitivity to Criticism Depression can lead to an intense sensitivity to criticism. Sometimes teens deal with this increased sensitivity by avoiding activities where they fear failure. A teen may refuse to try out for the soccer team or may refuse to invite a date to a school dance in an attempt to avoid rejection.   At other times, teens may deal with this fear by becoming an overachiever. A depressed teen may become a perfectionist in an attempt to avoid the risk of being rejected. It’s important to monitor how your teen responds to risk, criticism, and failure as changes in your teen’s behavior could signal your teen is depressed. Social Withdrawal Social isolation is a common problem for someone with depression, but teens don’t necessarily withdraw from everyone when they become depressed. Sometimes they simply change peer groups. A teen may begin to hang out with the wrong crowd or may stop talking to certain friends or family members. At other times, teens withdraw from real-life activities and focus their attention on the online world when they’re feeling depressed. A depressed teen may create an online persona and may engage in online chats or play role-playing games for hours on end to escape the realities of life. Seek Help for a Depressed Teen If you think your teen may be depressed, seek professional help. Schedule an appointment with your teen’s pediatrician or reach out to a mental health professional. Treatment for adolescent depression may include therapy, medication, or a combination of the two. It’s important to be involved in your teen’s treatment. It’s not unusual for teens to refuse to get help. If your teen refuses to go to counseling, meet with a mental health professional on your own. A psychotherapist may be able to offer insight and strategies you can use to help your depressed teen.

Beowulf and Roland The Heroes Journey - Literature Essay Samples

Beowulf and Roland are two of the most well-known heroes found within literature. While many know their names and their stories few realize what it is that qualifies them as literary heroes and the ways in which their hero stories compare. Joseph Campbell in his book A Hero with a Thousand Faces illuminates the stages of a classic hero arc. This information is very useful for helping us to articulate the true value of these characters in their premodern societies. In describing his work one writer says, â€Å"Campbell outlines the Hero’s Journey, a universal motif of adventure and transformation that runs through virtually all of the world’s mythic traditions.† Campbell’s work in conjunction with literary analysis of the texts will help us to understand whether or not Beowulf and Roland can be considered fallen heroes. For both heroes we will be looking at two particular stages of their heroic journey: the belly of the whale and supernatural aid. We will s tart by taking a look at Campbell’s belly of the whale stage and where it can be found in the timeline of Beowulf and Roland. Campbell describes the belly of the whale stage as, â€Å"The idea that the passage of the magical threshold is a transit into a sphere of rebirth is symbolized in the worldwide womb image of the belly of the whale. The hero, instead of conquering or conciliating the power of the threshold, is swallowed into the unknown, and would have appeared to have died (74).† This stage is represented in many hero stories and it conjures up images of Jonah in the literal belly of a whale or in a more modern context the Millennium Falcon from George Lucas’s Star Wars being reeled in by the tractor beam of the Death Star. In this stage the hero seems to be totally surrounded and trapped within a hostile area or situation and it seems unlikely they will be able to escape. For those familiar with Beowulf and The Song of Roland this may sound familiar. In Beowulf this stage occurs when the Nordic hero enters the lair of Grendel’s mother to fight the beast. The reader is told that Beowulf addresses his fellow companions before he enters the lair and instructs them on what to do if he should not return. This interaction immediately sets a gloomy tone for the scene in which Beowulf’s death is a very conceivable outcome. We know that this lair, at the bottom of a lake, is isolated from any potential help when we are told â€Å"it was the best part of a day before he could see the solid bottom (line 1495-1496)†. The lairs remoteness is matched only by Grendel’s mother’s savagery as we are told, â€Å"The hero observed that swamp-thing from hell, the tarn-hag in all her terrible strength, then heaved his war-sword and swung his arm: the decorated blade came down ringing and singing on her head. But he soon found his battle-torch extinguished: the shining blade refused to bite (1518-1524)†. Beowulf is isolated, surrounded by enemies, and struggling to overcome the odds against him. Even his companions believe him to be dead. This scene fits nicely into the parameters of Campbell’s belly of the whale. Beowulf does not actually die in the lair however, but rather defeats Grendel’s mother and emerges victorious. It can be argued that Beowulf is in fact changed after this battle. He has cemented his place as a mighty warrior and hero and emerges from the lair with the ambition and platform to become a ruler which he eventually does. Roland however, was not so fortunate and this fact marks a major distinction between the hero journeys of the two. Roland’s belly of the whale stage takes place when he is fighting the Saracens in the rear guard. Similar to Beowulf’s situation, Roland has no help coming and is utterly surrounded by enemies. Towards the end of the battle we are told, â€Å"as soon as Roland sees this outlaw race, whose members all are black than is ink and have no white about them, save their teeth, the count says: Now I’m absolutely sure, beyond a doubt, that we s hall die today (1932-1936)†. Roland eventually succumbs to death from the wounds he received during the battle and thus it can be argued that he indeed does perish within the figurative belly of the whale. While Beowulf outlives Roland, the two are similar in the fact that they are both seemingly recipients of supernatural aid. Campbell describes the stage of Supernatural aid saying, â€Å"Having responded to his own call, and continuing to follow courageously as the consequences unfold, the hero finds all the forces of the unconscious at his side. Mother Nature herself supports the mighty task. And in so far as the heros act coincides with that for which his society is ready, he seems to ride on the great rhythm of the historical process (59).† For both Beowulf and Roland this is the case and the supernatural aid comes in the form of protection given by God. Both stories were written by Christian authors and the evidence of this is abundant. In Beowulf, there are numerous times when his seemingly incredible feats are attributed to the power and protection granted to him by God. When recounting his victory over Grendel’s mother to Hrothgar Beowulf states, â€Å"It was ha rd-fought, a desperate affair that could have gone badly; if God had not helped me, the outcome would have been quick and fatal (1653-1657).† Similarly The Song of Roland is littered with Christian references and themes. Throughout the battle Roland has seemingly supernatural strength and strikes down hundreds of Saracens with ease and it is strongly implied that it is his Christian faith that allows him this ability. Also when Roland dies we are told, â€Å"Then God sent his angel Cherubin and Saint Michael of the Sea and of the Peril; together with Saint Gabriel they came and took the count’s soul into Paradise (2393-2397)†. Upon Roland’s death God literally sends his angels and saints to deliver Roland’s soul. The faith of Roland and Beowulf, along with their impressive fighting abilities makes a strong case as evidence of supernatural aid from above. While acknowledging a few of the hero stages Beowulf and Roland go through helps us to qualify them as heroes we are left with the question of whether or not they are indeed â€Å"fallen† heroes? A fallen hero can be defined in several ways but in the most basic sense it is a person who does something heroic and then dies. In this case Beowulf and Roland both fit that description. However the more interesting question is whether or not their fall or death marks the beginning of turmoil for their people and in a sense ushers in a larger sort of societal fall. Or do their deaths signify the beginning of further prosperity for their peoples? In the case of Roland I would argue it is the latter. While his death is one which causes much grief for all the people of France including Charlemagne it can be argued that his death merely cements the power and virtue of the French. In the immediate aftermath of his death Charlemagne feels a great sense of loss and also feels as if his King dom will now be susceptible to attack questioning, â€Å"Who’ll lead my armies forcefully enough when he who always guided us is dead?( 2926-2927)†. However Charlemagne quickly answers this question by defeating Marsilla and then killing Baligant in single combat. He puts to rest any concern about the loss of his empire with those resounding victories and in fact strengthens his claim to power and the security and prosperity of the French people. Roland is entombed in France and several of his items are deemed relics and become popular points of pilgrimage. In this way Roland can be considered a fallen hero but he leaves his people and his country ultimately in a better position. It is quite the opposite for Beowulf. Upon his death after fighting the dragon, there is heavy implication that things are about to get worse for his kingdom. Wiglaf immediately realizes that the death of Beowulf will open up the kingdom to foreign invasion saying, â€Å"They will cross our b orders and attack in force when they find out that Beowulf is dead (3001-3002)†. This sentiment of impending doom is accentuated by the woman who sings at Beowulf’s funeral as she sings about her nightmares of invasion. While Beowulf died honorably in battle and is worthy of the title hero, it is heavily implied that his people are going to suffer in his absence. In conclusion Beowulf and Roland share many of the same heroic stages and attributes but at the same time their stories differ in key ways. While they both receive supernatural aid and encounter the belly of the whale, Roland dies within this stage while Beowulf lives. Furthermore they both can be considered fallen heroes but for Beowulf the fall is not simply an individual fall like Roland’s, but rather textual evidence leads us to believe that it signifies the beginning of a greater societal fall for his people. Regardless both have interesting hero arcs that should be carefully considered when analyzing the works.

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The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child Free Essays

Being an only child can be either good or bad, depending on how you perceive it and how you are brought up by your parents. The advantages could be that you get the undivided love and attention of your parents. They would dote on you more and provide for you more – in terms of getting you stuff, toys, etc. We will write a custom essay sample on Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child or any similar topic only for you Order Now Obviously, being an only child means that your parents have only you to spend the money on and not have to share it among other siblings. So, you’d get more toys than normal, more money to spend than normal, more inheritance than normal, and of course more love from your parents than normal. So, in that sense, being the only child can be termed as a good thing. As far as disadvantages go, the â€Å"Little Emperor Syndrome† sums it up perfectly. For those unfamiliar with the term, â€Å"Little Emperor Syndrome† refers to the Chinese situation involving parents and their single child. Of course, all of you would be aware of China’s one-child policy. Little Emperor Syndrome is an unintended consequence of that policy. This is a situation in which the parents lavish their love, attention, resources on this one child of theirs, and as a result, the child becomes spoilt and, well, behaves like a â€Å"Little Emperor. This sort of excessive attention and care can prove detrimental in the long term for the child. The child gets used to having everything done, managed, taken care of – by their parents. When they have to live in the real world and face real problems, they might not be able to cope with it. They may lack self-confidence to go out in the world and get things done for themselves. They might feel lost outside of the cocoon that their parents created for them. Being an only child can also be very lonely. They would miss the fun of growing up with a brother or sister. An only child can also grow up to be a selfish adult, i. e. one who thinks primarily of his/her needs over the needs of others. They may also lack in the ability to empathize with others as much as children with siblings. Another potential disadvantage of being an only child could be the excess burden on your shoulders as regards taking care of your parents, for example. It can take an emotional toll on you, being the only child with all the responsibilities. My Experience of not Being the Only Child in my Family So, there are advantages and disadvantages to being an only child. However, how each child turns out – really depends on how the child has been brought up, among other factors. Personally, I always wished I was the only child in my family. Perhaps, its not a nice thing to say, but that’s how I feel! You know, the grass always seems greener on the other side. In my specific situation, the age gap between me and my brother was just 3 years, and therefore, there was a lot of rivalry and acrimony between us all through childhood – it affected me quite a bit, not the usual childhood fights, which you grow out of. Being the eldest in my family, I always felt that I was not treated fairly when it came to certain situations, especially conflict situations. I was always expected to be magnanimous and large-hearted and forgive and forget – whereas my younger brother was doted on and shielded. I still feel that to be the case to this day. We do get along much better now, but it isn’t your usual loving relationship – more formal than familial. My mom still dotes on my little brother to no end, which is good, but she doesn’t see me the same way, which is what I regret and bemoan. I’ve never quite understood this difference. At times, I think to myself that this is all my imagination – that I am just seeing things that aren’t there! That there is really no discrimination so to speak. But, then again, there is a difference, you know what I mean? Perhaps, a lot of you would have no clue about what I am talking about. Then again, there may be a lot of you who know exactly what I am talking about, so there you have it!! I am sure, there would be lots of single, lonely people out there, who were the only child in their families, who would have wished they had a brother or sister growing up. So, there are pros and cons to both! How to cite Adavantages and Disadavantages of Being the Only Child, Papers

Emergence Of The Management Control Systems -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Emergence Of The Management Control Systems? Answer: Introducation Walmart stores online sales growth has contracted to 12 percent for the fiscal year 2016 subsequent to twenty-two growth recorded in fiscal year 2015. However, the ecommerce performance for Walmart remains impressive. A 14 to 15 billion dollar online Walmart business is more than respectable, particularly where it augments a brick-and-mortar business. The brick-and-mortar generates about 470 billion dollars in annual sales. Walmart stock market is unfriendly as the investors negates the long-run benefits if the organizations ecommerce investment. Due to underperforming and persistent loses, Walmart closed 269 stores globally alongside 154 stores in the United States. The company has reported worse sales in 35 years since 1980. The sales have dropped 0.70% in revenue to about 482.10 billion dollars due strong dollar that could have Walmart sales revenue increasing 2.8%. Walmarts ecommerce sales growth has slowed for 5 quarters in a row to 8% in final three months of fiscal 2016. The sales growth outlook has decreased to flat from three to four percent worse than expected impact from fluctuations in currency and revenue loss from stores closure. Walmart share has slid 3.10% to 64.09%. Walmarts retail sales market share has dropped 0.7% from 9.9% to 9.2% five years ago. Net sales went up 2.5% to 81.5 billion dollars and traffic improved by 0.7%. In the fourth quarter overal sales dropped 1.5% to 129.7 billion dollars which would surged 2.20% in absence of currency fluctuations. Walmarts net income for 3 months dropped 7.90% to 4.57 billion dollars. Sales in the UK fell 5.80% in most recent quarter six-times in a row drop. Walmart is reducing cost and investment 1.50 billion dollars over the 4 years. Walmart earned 446.980 billion dollars in profit in year 2014, a 6.0% surge in sales in year 2013 based on its financial statement (2011 to 2013). The most dividend surge was reported in 2015 February where 2.0% surge was approved by its Board of Directors equivalent to a surge of 0.49 cent a share. For the previous 5 years, Walmart US reported 328.70 billion dollar sales in top line revenue. Walmart is presently valued at 15.1 times forward earnings with real trade of 69.480 a share. Walmart has 11, 000 million stock authorized alongside 3780 million outstanding traded in stock exchange markets. The operating income of the Company surged to 32585 million dollars in 2014 from 28545 million dollars in 2012. Over the past three years, the revenue of Walmart has surged 39,736 dollars. The gross surge in revenue has been 9.10%. The Walmarts cost of sale surged from 304657 million dollars to 335127 million dollars. In 2014, Walmart recorded a 2.0% surge in assets over three years. Walmarts stock comprised 78% of total assets. Property and equipment stood at $170 indicating a good surge over past 3 years because of new retail stores being built. Walmart liquidity ratios as at Jan 31, 2015, Jan 31, 2014 and Jan 31, 2013; current ratio 0.970, 0.880 and 0.830. Walmarts quick ratio showed 0.24; 020; and 0.20 and cash ration showed 0.140; 0.10 and 0.110. These ration indicate good direction. Walmarts liquidity ratio preset ratio surged from 2013 to 2014 as well as from 2014 to 2015. The quick ratio dropped though improved from 2014 through 2015 exceeding 2013s ratio. Potential Problems Facing Walmart Walmart is facing stiff competition against Amazon in e-commerce while coping with the effect of the strong dollar as well as loss of share in the Walmarts United Kingdom stores. This has since the company report its 1st annual sale decline since at least year 1980. The revenue of Walmart declined by 0.7% to 482.10 billion dollars for the year. This was mainly triggered by the strong dollar, without the effect of which its sales would have surged 2.80%. The decline, the Walmarts worst in at least thirty-five years based the data from SP Capital IQ. This plunged came as the global hugest retailer stated that ecommerce sales growth slowed for fifth quarter in a row to 8% in the final 3 months of year. Walmart has blamed the Chinese, Brazilian and UK marketing deceleration. Amazon quarterly growth by contrast stood at 26% despite the Walmarts much huger base. The company has cut down its sales growth outlook for this fiscal year to flat from between three to four percent manifesting the Walmarts worse than anticipated influence from the fluctuations in currency as well as revenue loss from its closure of stores. The Amazon share slid 3.1% to 64.090% dollars. The firm is facing intensifying competition amid the fast shifts in the manner consumer undertake their shopping. The market share of Walmart has slipped to 9.2% from 9.9% five years ago. Walmart remains on the back foot based on rethinking its business model for this novel landscape. This has negatively impacted Walmart because the firm has not played far harder in online space and hence it cannot retain its retail crown in the long run. The stiff competition has turned Walmart American stores unattractive and unappealing to shoppers. This is the competition come in all types and from all angles including online or discount stores such as Dollar General as well as Kroger, higher end store (Merchant Van, 2012). This has seen Walmarts sales figure blunt by deflation in some groceries, like meat and the impact from lower petrol process. This has seen Walmart spent a lot of money to compete with Amazon online and integrate ecommerce into its stores, like Walmarts mobile pay app as well as click-and-collect pick-up service. The company is also using a lot of cash to expand its online grocery service to additional parts of the United States. The organization is facing what is described as a perfect storm in regards to its top-line growth which has hurt its sales substantially. The Walmarts core customer are really struggling with flat levels of income. The saving from lower prices of fuels are never translating into increased retail expenditure (Davila, 2005). The business is trapped under intense pressure from deflation in core product categories including food alongside the impacts of strong overseas dollars. This is occasioned with the inability of lower-to-middle-income consumers health to improve leaving Walmart to face a prolonged macroeconomic headwinds in the United States. Action Control The company focuses it action control on 4 vast areas including company asset, information and reputation; operational planning, sales and customers; and regulation and laws. Walmart undertakes to acknowledge each regulatory requirement initially and highlight them precisely. The firm ensures strict adherence to the requirement compliance. Walmart puts a mandatory approval for each stakeholder who wants to trade in its shares as an evidence of strict compliance with Company Act and US SEC rules. All Walmart operational procedures follows detailed pre-action reviews while all its financial objectives, key corporate actions as well as capital spending must be reviewed and subsequent approved by Walmart board prior to execution (Schaeck Cihk, 2014). Walmart mandates the Board Committee to acknowledge both actions as desirable or undesirable to come up with reinforcement as well as rules for such classified actions. Walmarts staff and directors must read, consent and sign significant documents including Code of Conduct. Walmart seeks to establish a culture of customer-friendly and further successful application of action accounting to this culture. Walmart has barred its staff from drinking alcohol at workplace. The company has documented and disseminated precise and straightforward instructions on delivery time, price display as well as store pick up time. The firm strictly follow its employees to ensure strict adherence to such instructions while keeping their unquestionable and unwavering promises to both potential and existing customer-based. The personal information regarding clients are never used outside the firm and only serves the intended purpose and those employees that violates such instructions must show cause. No asset and services of Walmart are allowed to be used by employees for their self-interest. All employees and executive are prohibited from conflict of interest and commercial interest in Walmart rivals must be disclosed promptly (Korhonen, Laine Martinsuo, 2014). The confidentiality of Walmart is of paramount among the employees. An employee of Walmart must receive an advanced approval in order to receive any form of loan, gift or substantial benefit in the company. Walmarts part-time staff must never engage in any form of conflict of interest while working in the company and always ensure that solely the objective and strategic goals of the organization flourish. Action Control Side Effect The Action Control of Walmart has captured a huge scope of its business hence filling the disparities in other firms controls. Walmart has precisely defined its desired actions in various operational aspects including delivery time, stock pick time and requirements for disclosure. The firms often undertake effective review of the staff behavior and conduct against the signed Code of Conduct and promises made to customers as well as confidentially and disclosure requirements in terms of conflict of interests. Nevertheless, Walmart still exercise relative loose action controls on the general conduct and behavior of employees and this sometimes stretches to customers services rather than increasing dependence being put on both cultural and personal controls (Fiordelisi Mare, 2014). Walmart exercise stronger action controls in regards to legal requirements as well as information, reputation, and resources of Walmart apart from particular invisible stock controls. References Davila, T. (2005). An exploratory study on the emergence of management control systems: formalizing human resources in small growing firms. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 30(3), 223-248. Fiordelisi, F., Mare, D. S. (2014). Competition and financial stability in European cooperative banks. Journal of International Money and Finance, 45, 1-16. Korhonen, T., Laine, T., Martinsuo, M. (2014). Management control of project portfolio uncertainty: A managerial role perspective. Project Management Journal, 45(1), 21-37. Merchant, K.A. Van der Stede, W.A. (2012) Management Control Systems, 3rd edition, Prentice-Hall. Schaeck, K., Cihk, M. (2014). Competition, efficiency, and stability in banking. Financial accounting, 43(1), 215-241.

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Devils play ground Essays - Amish, English-language Films

The Devil?s Playground main subjects are Amish kids, who live in a strict society, under tight control of their family and close-knit rural community. They are in many ways like deeply religious suburban kids anywhere, confused, self-obsessed, but basically civilized, and given to projecting a theological dimension on the normal pains of growing up. Underneath the strange clothing is a familiar conflict between godliness and hell-raising. Despite the horse-and-buggy accessories, the Amish are not opposed to technology, just technology that they consider disruptive to their way of life. So cars and televisions were excluded, but a solar-powered battery charger is okay. Their attitude towards sex, while barely tolerant is surprisingly laid-back and practical. A little premarital fooling around can be overlooked as long as it leads to an Amish marriage and Amish children. When the Amish teenagers turn sixteen, they are encouraged to leave their communities and experience the pleasures and conveniences of life in the urban world. By the time they turn 21 they have to decide whether they are going to return to the Amish church and way of life forever, or live in the outside world and be disowned by their families. This period is called Rumspringa; you get just enough of experience within other concepts of culture, when you give it up you?ll never wonder what you're missing. The intentions are to ensure that the Amish who come back will have made a conscious choice to do so. The tempt to free will is well-intentioned, but ultimately devious When given their first experience of adult freedom outside of the rural community, Amish teenagers do what many teenagers do: they experiment with controlled substances, have unprotected sex, and spend a lot of time driving around in cars. For most teenagers this is just a phase, for the Amish it's the preliminary to the most important decision of their life: whether or not to join the Amish church. The subjects of The Devil?s Playground are no better prepared for the trials of adolescence than any other group of sixteen year olds, and it comes as no surprise that most of them, after a few chaotic years, make the decision to return to the way of life that represents their culture, family, security, and a responsible sense of identity. They have to face temptation before they can reject it. It?s claimed that about 90% of Amish teens do eventually commit to their religion for life

Animal Farm Essay Example

Animal Farm Essay Example Animal Farm Essay Animal Farm Essay Essay Topic: Literature We have watched two different versions of Animal Farm, by George Orwell. One version was a real film, directed by John Stephenson in 1999. The other version that we watched was an animation, the first feature length animation made in England, directed by Joy Batchelor and John Halas in 1954. I am going to review each two versions by comparing the techniques and direction used by each film maker. I am then going to explain which one I preferred and explain why. At the moment, I prefer the real life film as I think it is a lot clearer to children and it is a lot more interesting. I will start by comparing the opening of each film. In the animation, the film opens with a bright countryside view; the manor farm is highlighted in black to capture peoples eyes. An American narrator starts telling the story; I think this is quite misleading as the animals on the farm, voiced by Maurice Denham, are English. The narrator however, is quite useful as he immediately explains the story and introduces us to most of the leading animals. This is perfect for young children watching the film. The real life film however, starts in a completely different way. It uses a flashback to introduce us to the story. The colour is incredibly dark, almost black and white. The director uses pathetic fallacy by using thunderstorms, rain and howling wind to reflect the animals moods. It is clear straight away the mood of the film. Instead of using a narrator and a voiceover, the film uses the sheepdog to tell the story from her point of view. I think this is a much better way of doing it as it is more personal and is a much clearer way of understanding the story. The farm is shown as a dark and unhappy place. I think the flashback works well for people who havent read the book before, and dont know the story. The animation uses happy, cheerful music to portray the farm and pans around the farm showing each animal. As the camera becomes closer to the farmhouse, the lighting becomes darker and the colours a lot more bold and dark. The music becomes a lot more sinister and chilling. For people who have read the book, this will be easier to understand as they know what type of person Mr. Jones is. Mr Jones is shown dark and unpleasant. The music is very slow. Another way the directors have shown the characterisation of Mr. Jones is to show all the animals expressions as being sad and upset. In the real film, the flashback is explained by the sheepdog and shows the farm how it used to be. Mr. Jones is shown to be very loud, a drunk and yelling at all the animals. However, Mr. Jones in the animation is a lot more sinister and fearful. Mr Jones, rather than being shown as a cruel man, the director has chosen to emphasise more on him being a bad farmer and being quite ill-tempered. The real film has also added an extra character of Farmer Jones wife. She is portrayed as cruel and grumpy as well. I think this ruins the tough and mean characterisation of Mr. Jones as he appears to be fearful of his wife. Overall though, I think the wife is a good idea as it makes the story more complex. Now I will concentrate on the 2 films portrayal of the death of old major. In the animation, the timescale is incredibly quick from where Old Major thinks he is going to die, and his actual death. In old majors speech, the music is very built up and victorious. Old Major is straight away made out to be the leader of the animals by his high positioning over them. He also is the only animal in the spotlight. All the animals are shown to be united and kind to each other. The speech is good and meaningful, its also quite self-explanatory. Each actors voice fits the animal well. For example, the pigs voice has a posh accent, whereas the lower animals are incredibly common. This helps emphasise the main characters in the story. However, the animals all make animal noises when they talk. This may be good for young children, but to adults, it can be quite annoying. During Majors speech, the directors use flashbacks to show the harshness of Mr. Jones, they also use sinister music. Old major is killed by a gun shot by the farmer. The lighting changes colour at the shot, this emphasises the power of it. In the real film, the animals are all organised throughout the meeting, every animal knows their place. As like in the animated film, the animals voices all suit their own characters. Again, the pigs have the posh accent, and the rats, the common accent. The change in voices is a lot clearer in this film than in the animation. Old Major represents a war time leader, maybe Winston Churchill. During the speech, the spotlights are again focused on Old Major, however the camera angle is now set to underneath the platform he is stood on, to emphasise the power old major has. This could also be portrayed as looking up at old Majors from the sheepdogs perspective. The camera angle pans round the barn of only the animals feet. This is very effective as it is not a usual camera shot. It also shows each animal in their place and listening to Old Major. The camera also only focuses and zooms in on the main animals that we have already been introduced to. The meeting of the animals is broken up with a scene in the farmhouse, showing Farmer Jones and Pilkington discussing money problems. I think this part is useful as it explains to younger children what is going on for a later part in the film. However the next scene with Farmer Jones and Pilkingtons wife is not useful at all. It doesnt further the animal plot. It is not appropriate for children either. I think the director could have used a different scene, or not used this all together. Mr Jones is also responsible for Old Majors death, as he shoots him. The death is not emphasised as much as the animation. There is no sinister music at all. Now I will focus on the revolt against Farmer Jones and how the two films have represented this. In the animation, the timescale is again very short, and the animals are shown to be without food instantly. There is no explanation for this, but hints are given that Farmer Jones is to blame for this. All the animals faces are furious which is easy to show in the animation. It is shown to be the pigs idea to break into the food shed to steal the food. Mr. Jones, behind them, is shown in a very dark shadow. There is also a massive build up of music. The animals retaliate; they all have the same facial expression which emphasises the unity of them all. Farmer Jones runs away after hardly any fighting and brings back farmers straight away. The overpowering of Manor Farm is set up to look like a real battle. The camera flicks between the line of animals, and the line of farmers approaching the farm. The music is a lot louder than before. The animals with the main parts, for example: Boxer, Napoleon, Snowball and Squealer are all shown up in a much brighter light and colour. For the real life film, the camera starts off by zooming out to catch all of the animals in one shot. Mr Jones is shown always in silhouette. This emphasises the evil within him. Napoleon is shown in this version to be a lot less evil. His facial expressions are softer and not as bold. However in the animation, he is a dark coloured pig with a permanent frown. The director for this film has really expanded the film by adding extra scenes to emphasise certain events and to help explain to children. For example, part of Old Major offered to the sheepdog as food and the dog whining. I think this is good if you havent read the book, if you have read the book it can become quite annoying. Pathetic fallacy is used again to represent the animals mood. When the animals break into the food shed, it is shown by the camera zooming in to only the animals hooves. However it is still obvious what the animals are doing. The breaking is a lot more detailed and realistic. The camera follows a goat into the shed to see all the animals eating the food. The music becomes very loud and dramatic and as soon as Mr. Jones speaks. This is very powerful and chilling. There is also a brief pause to add tension. The camera angle becomes very shaky to show complete chaos. The next part I am going to discuss is the animals first look in the farmers house. The animation shows Mr. Jones house to be a dark, massive and unfriendly place. It is shown from the animals view of quite low to the ground and the enormity of the staircase is emphasised. Incredibly scary and chilling music is also played. This shows how the animals are feeling. Upstairs, there is silence apart from clocks and record players etc. Only the main characters are shown to be looking at his belongings. Here we also see the first glimpse of Napoleon being greedy and selfish by eating all the food. The real life versions portrayal of Mr. Jones house uses not as good effects but is shown in a lot more detail. Again, the farmhouse is incredibly big and slightly scary music is played. You do not get the same effect of terror as in the animation. The director adds another scene where a pig opens a cupboard to show Old Majors head. The camera zooms in very shakily and suddenly with horror music playing. It then immediately switches to the animals racing out of the house. The following part to exploring the farmhouse is the reading of the rules. I will now look at how the directors have portrayed this. The rules are shown to have been written by Snowball in red on the side of the barn. The camera scrolls down each one, emphasising them all. Snowball reads each one out at the same time so smaller children can also understand what is happening. Victorious music is also played to show how war-like the situation is. Also, the sign that used to be Manor farm is now emphasised as Animal farm. The American narrator also explains what the animals are doing in every scene as speech is not used as much. The real film shows the rules in a completely different way. As snowball reads out the rules, the camera is focused at Napoleon creating him the leader, wearing his rosettes. This portrayal is not as good as it is the rules that the viewer needs to concentrate on to notice that they change throughout the film. The next part to analyse is Snowballs banishment from Animal farm and the events leading up to it. In the animated film, the spotlight is now placed on Snowball. This shows that Snowball is taking the place of Old Major. As the camera runs through various scenes, the pigs sources of power become obvious. For Napoleon, his power is using the dogs, and for Snowball, his power is the plan of the windmill. Napoleon has very dark/black dogs. This emphasises whose side they are on as they look incredibly evil. As Snowball tries to explain his plan, Napoleon speaks out against it. The dogs chase Napoleon out of the farm, into the bushes and the dogs then walk. During the chase there is very dramatic noise played and as soon as the dogs come back, the music softens and becomes a lot slower. The directors use a cliff-hanger and dont let you know if Snowball has been killed, or merely banished. Afterwards, Napoleon claims the plan of the windmill to be his own. The real life version of Animal farm shows Napoleon to only speak out against the plan; he does not claim it as his own. I think this is a better way to portray it as it is more realistic and believable. Squealer is used in this version to change the favour of Snowball to Napoleon; this is not used in the animation. The chase of Snowball is much more effective and detailed. The chase is from the dogs perspective, looking at Snowballs back. The music is incredibly fast and dramatic, and also the scenery towards the sides is fast, this emphasises the speed and emergency of the chase. In this film, it is obvious that Snowball has only been banished, he has not been killed. The next part of the two films I am going to look at is Boxers death. In the animation, Boxer is hit by a rock that fell from the windmill. It uses pathetic fallacy again with rain and dark conditions. The animation shows that the pigs are obviously planning something else for Boxer, instead of sending him to the hospital. All the pigs have very soothing and calming voices to encourage persuasiveness. The animation shows a lot better how all the animals stick up for each other. There is a greater sense of unity than in the real film. On the van for Boxer, there is an obvious symbol (a skull and crossbones) to show the van is not for the hospital. As soon as the symbol is shown, the music changes and becomes more sinister and dramatic. As the animals stop chasing the van, the music slows as well. The animals faces are all furious or really upset. These facial expressions are the first symbol that the animals dont trust Napoleon anymore. The narrator explains what has happened a lot more clearly than the animation shows it. In the real film, the symbol on the back of the van is not as clear. The fight to keep Boxer out of the van is longer, with the sheepdog and the donkey chasing the van for longer. The camera angle is set inside the van and the music is again, very fast. Now I shall talk about the ending of both films, before finally moving onto small details about each film that I think improve each one. In the animation, the film finishes by showing how much the pigs and the farm has developed. The timescale is a lot more apparent and all the animals are a lot more frail and thinner. The animation shows as them not being able to walk as well. The animation shows the pigs with Mr. Jones face on each of them. This is very obvious for small children to show that there is no difference between them. The film finalises with a cliff-hanger, we dont know if Napoleons reign is defeated or not. It is usually a great way to end a film but as this is based on a book, it isnt very good for those who have read it because they know what is going to happen anyway. But if you havent read the book, it is a good way to wonder about what happens next. In the real life film, the ending is much more dramatic. The animals are shown to have run away and lots of slow and sad music is played. The pigs are shown more and more to be socialising with humans. For example, Pilkington and Pilkingtons wife visit the house and they behave more and more alike. The pigs revert the name of the farm back to Manor Farm to emphasise that the farm has come full circle to the pigs becoming the equivalent of Farmer Jones. Another way this is shown is by using a special effect of the camera by mixing the face of Napoleon and Pilkington together to show there is no longer anything different about them. The beginning of the film now makes much more sense as the ending is practically identical to the flashback at the beginning. This film actually shows that Napoleon has been defeated by representing this by the falling of a statue of him. Also, another way the director has represented this is by using triumphant music to show the animals were victorious. The lighting now becomes a lot lighter and the music is a lot more peaceful. Finally, I am going to look at the small fine points that benefit to each films overview. In the animation, the director has used a very small character of a duckling for various purposes. In some cases, the duckling is used for comedy to keep the viewer entertained. For example, in Mr. Jones house when it is trying to climb up the stairs. It can also be used for linking purposes. Instead of the camera just jumping scenes, it uses this character to link them together. I think this benefits to the films reputation of being a childrens film but I cannot see adults enjoying this. In the real film, the director uses Squealer the pig as a way of convincing everyone to be on Napoleons side. This is not used in the animation. I prefer having Squealer in the film as it makes it more interesting. Squealer is also a very different colour to the other pigs so that he can easily stand out. Towards the end of the film his voice becomes more and more hypnotic and calming as he has to try even harder to persuade the animals to stay with Napoleon. This version of the film also uses a broadcasting principle to inform the animals what is happening. It is shown in the barn in flickering black and white. It has been use as we can familiarise with it as bearing bad news and being of importance to us. The broadcasts are the equivalent of the animations narrator as it sums up what has been happening on the farm. I like the idea of as the film progresses, fewer and fewer animals are watching the broadcast, until finally there are no animals left. The film that I have preferred is the real life version. I like the way the director adds more scenes to the film because if you have read the book, it is still interesting and it keeps you entertained. The animation skipped out to many important scenes, for example, the execution of the farmyard animals who had betrayed Napoleon. I preferred the realistic views of the film with the animals view points and expressions. I thought it was more comical as well. I liked the idea of the broadcasting as it was familiar to me and it modernised the book. The real film also was a lot more explanatory towards adults and children as well. However I do think that the animation is still a lot more suited towards younger children, it is just not suitable for adults and teenagers. I also liked the music more in the real film because in the animation, I often thought there was a lot more music than speech and it just became boring after a while. The real film is a lot more modern and I can relate to it a lot more that then film produced in the 50s. Overall, I think that the real film is a much better film in most ways.